Physiology & Biophysics (Biosciences)
2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Awarded to Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck
2004 Nobel Prize to:
- Richard Axel
- Linda B. Buck
4 October 2004
The 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded
to Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck for discoveries concerning "odorant receptors and the
organization of the olfactory system."
Axel is University Professor at Columbia's College of Physicians and
Surgeons and Buck is currently a Member at the Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Center in Seattle.
Their work has increased our understanding of the sense of smell in
mammals, including the diversity of odorant receptors and the
mechanisms by which we experience one of our most complex senses in an
orderly fashion. In many mammals, there are about one thousand odorant
receptor molecules, each a member of the same family of membrane
proteins but distinct in their odorant specificity. Axel and Buck
identified this gene family--forming about three percent of the
genome--and found that each olfactory receptor cell in the nasal
epithelium expresses only one of the thousand genes.
Each receptor responds to a selective set of odors, and combinations of
receptor activity account for our ability to sense many distinct odors.
Additional work by Axel and Buck showed that these genes also control
connections the sensory cells make on neural way stations--the
glomeruli--which display similar specificity.
Axel, a graduate of Columbia College with the M.D. from Johns Hopkins
School of Medicine, is University professor at Columbia and an
Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. A Member of the
National Academy of Sciences, he is a prior winner of multiple awards,
including Columbia's Hamilton Award.
Buck is a graduate of the University of Washington in Seattle with the
Ph.D. from UT Southwestern in Dallas. She was a postdoc in Axel's Lab,
moving on to the Department of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School
and rising to Professor there; she joined the Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Center as Member in 2002. A member of the National Academy of Sciences
and a winner of the Rosenstiel Award, she and Axel have jointly shared
the Edward Perl Prize from UNC and the Unilever Science Award.
The Nobel announcement is at:
http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/2004/press.html
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4 October 2004